BESS

BESS Merchant Energy Arbitrage Model in Excel

BESS Merchant Energy Arbitrage Model in Excel

Lukas Duldinger, CFA, RVA

Lukas Duldinger, CFA, RVA 14 minute read

BESS Merchant Energy Arbitrage sounds simple on paper: charge when prices are low, discharge when prices are high, and pocket the spread. But if you’ve ever tried to translate that story into a...

BESS Tolling Agreement Revenue Model in Excel

BESS Tolling Agreement Revenue Model in Excel

Lukas Duldinger, CFA, RVA

Lukas Duldinger, CFA, RVA 17 minute read

A BESS Tolling Agreement sounds almost too easy to model: take contracted capacity, multiply by a fixed $/kW-month price, apply escalation, and you’re done. In practice, that shortcut is...

BESS Augmentation Modeling: AC vs DC Deliverability

BESS Augmentation Modeling: AC vs DC Deliverability

Lukas Duldinger, CFA, RVA

Lukas Duldinger, CFA, RVA 18 minute read

A battery is sold as an AC product at the point of interconnection (POI): a defined power rating (MW) sustained for a defined duration (hours). The challenge is that the asset behind that product...

AC vs DC in Battery Energy Storage (BESS) | Project Finance

AC vs DC in Battery Energy Storage (BESS) | Project Finance

Lukas Duldinger, CFA, RVA

Lukas Duldinger, CFA, RVA 25 minute read

AC vs DC in Battery Energy Storage is the single biggest source of confusion in BESS modeling. Batteries store energy on the DC side, but markets, meters, and cash flows live on the AC side—so...

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